Ghosts Are Real

James Banner Mr. Perrington English 101 9/21/12 Ghosts Are Real Often when people talk most cutaneous sensess or spirits they say if Ive never befooln a spot, theyre not real but Im here to herald you my experiences or encounters with subtletys. Over my 19 year life span Ive had a few encounters with ghosts, that will make you reconsider your position on ghosts not being real. Its kind of hard to explain what you see, theyre not desire a big sheet thats portrayed in movies or genuinely detailed people that you see.What I can tell you is my experiences with the ghosts and you can decide if you want to believe me or not. The first time I encountered a ghost was when I was around 9 age old making my little brother (that was 3 at the time) a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. It was previous(a) at dark, I cant remember the exact time but I come it wasnt over 12 am. We were in the kitchen, the lights were on in the kitchen but in the dining and living room the lights were off. Suddenly my brother dashes into the dining room and Im left in the kitchen enquire why.Next I go to see whats wrong with him, so I walk into the dining room to see why hes flock over, and indeed I see it. Around 55 I see a white lady with dark brown hair expert standing at that place looking at me, not only could I distinguish that she was a lady, she also was naked Im reasonable shocked, so I stand there for around 5 seconds, (felt the like 5 hours to me) then I dash into the living room, grab my little brother and ran upstairs. Im shivering, scared to death and I just look at my little brother and hes just standing there like nothing happened.I tell my older brother who was up at the time what happened and he just brushes me off like I made it up. I remnant tell my sister the next day and she tells me that shes seen her before but only in her dreams, and that frightened me even more. The second time I encountered a ghost was around when I was 17 years old, it was during winter break and I was home al wizard. This time It was in the day time around 3 oclock because I was observation Even Stevens. Remind you that its snowing a bit turn upside, enough were you can see the footprints where people were walking.I come ground-floor, I induce my headphones in so its impossible for me to hear anything and Im fixing me a bowl of cookies and cream ice cream. I look up and see my dog barking and going wild, so I took off my headphones and I hear the alarms going off. I see that both of my front doors were wide open. I know that for sure when I came down stairs that both of the doors were locked and there was no snow prints coming in our out of the house. Im there just standing disbelief trying to figure out what happened, until the cops called and asked what was going on.I had to give them the code for the alarm so that e rattlingthing was okay but Im as yet there just wondering how did both of my front doors become wide open, that had double locks on both of them. I looked throughout the house, there was nobody there and I came to the conclusion that it could only be one thing and that thing had to be a ghost. The third time I encountered a ghost was last year when I watching Walking Dead my favorite television show, it was at darkness time around 1020. Im watching Walking Dead, but then it goes on to a commercial break, so I go downstairs to make me a hot pocket.I reach downstairs and all of a fulminant I have to use the bathroom, so while Im in the bathroom all of a sudden I start to hear a loud smacking sound. The thing I actually hear is the sound of the cabinet doors being closed very hard. This goes on for about 10 seconds, so I rush out of the bathroom to check out who was doing this. Remind you that its a school night and everyone is asleep. When I come out of the bathroom I see 4 cabinet doors wide open, Im already paranoid easily because of historical encounters so right now Im in terror.The end signal of my hot pocket being finished in the microwave scared me half to death. I eventually get myself together and start to look around to see if anyone was downstairs. I dont see anyone downstairs, so I grab my hot pocket and head upstairs to hopefully see if someone was awake and was playing around with me, knowing that anything these days at night being alone by myself will scare me. Sadly its to no avail, nobody is awake and Im stuck there thinking why does the ghost/spirit keep picking on me. Have I disturbed it in someway some how?My fourth and final encounter with a ghost was this year when I was home alone doing some laundry in the day time. It takes around an hour, hour and a half to finish a bill of the laundry from washer to dryer, so when I put in the clothes I went upstairs for a good 20 minutes. I remember this like it was yesterday because it happened the most recently and spooked me a lot. I remember clearly putting in the clothes, putting in the detergent turning it on and then finish ing by putting in these small tide scent balls. When I come back downstairs, in my confusion I hear the washer not washing.Next, I go downstairs, and to my disbelief I see the washer stopped, not only was it stopped but there were clothes hanging out of the washer with the lid standing up. I run upstairs to get my bat and check around the house And of course there was no one there, it seems all to familiar that these things keep happening to me for no reason. The crazy part about that is my mom told me this happened to her a few times around 15 years ago but my dad did this ritual type of thing and I guess he got the demons out of the house.Both of my parents then tell me there was a creation who died in this house. The former owner until he passed his son the house died in this house when he was 93. Its okay if you still dont believe in ghosts or spirits, I understand, believing in things like these can have you worrying more than you do now. Im not trying to index you to believe that ghosts are real, Im just trying to inform you on my experiences and encounters with these ghosts/spirits. It seems to me like its not trying to harm me or my family, just let us know that its there.Its your choice, you can believe me if you want but I just wanted to share my stories. http//ehis. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? sid=b8aac38f-066c-4df2-96bd-950e48b948f9%40sessionmgr114&vid=3&hid=115&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=a9h&AN=70093461 http//find. galegroup. com/gtx/retrieve. do? sgHitCountType=None&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C18%29ghosts+and+spirits%24&sort=DateDescend&inPS=true&prodId=AONE&userGroupName=monroecc&tabID=T002&searchId=R2&resultListType=RESULT

Crisis in Rwanda Brief Background Essay

The pre-colonial Rwanda was characterized by a fluid of ethnic divisions between the mass of the population (Hutus, comprising of about 85% of the population in 1999) and the minority of the population (Tutsis, comprising of about 8-14% as per the time of the racial extermination in 1994), and could not reportedly be considered as separate tribes. Inter-communal conflict did not exist. These existed even though Tutsis were dominant in the small Rwandan aristocracy.According to Wrage (2000), mass murder similar to the one in 1994 was unheard of and there were no common ethnic lines before 1960. The records of Belgium indicate that Rwandans had a sense of belonging to their nation. The Belgians, who took over the country during the World War I from Germans who had colonized the country from 1894-1916, ruled the country until their independence in 1962. The Belgians granted preferential status to the Tutsis and this was the root cause of the massive cleanup spot which led to a loss of about 800,000 people (Jones, 2000).According to Prunier, the Belgians highlighted the differences that existed among the two tribes and Tutsis (who had an appearance more like the Europeans compared to the Hutus) were considered the master race and were granted preference in the Belgiums Rwandan auxiliaries by 1930. This earned them hatred from the Hutus. The identity cards introduced by the Belgians in 1933 designating people as Hutu, Twa or Tutsi played a role in the race murder because it helped genocide architects distinguish their Tutsi victims.The more educated and prosperous Tutsis led struggle for independence after the World War II and the Belgians switched to allege to the Hutus. In between 1959 and 1962, revenging Hutus polish off about 15,000 Tutsis and made more than 100,000 to flee to the neighboring countries. The assassination of the President Habyarimana on 6 April 1994 seemed to carry been because of his acceptance to accommodate the Tutsis Rwanda Patriotic Fro nt (RPF) in the Rwandan govern handst by signing a peace treaty, which was not welcome by some Hutus including those powerful in the government activity.RPF was formed by Tutsis in Uganda and had plans to interest Rwanda and overthrow the president. The opposing Hutus seemed to give a solution to the problem, instead of welcoming them. Tutsis were killed massively, and some Hutus who were assumed to be Tutsis. The daily death rate is said to have been at least five times that of the Nazi death camps and the most concentrated incident of genocide in human history, together with that of the Soviet prisoners-of-war (Prunier, 1995 Gourevitch, 1998). Implications of the genocide Current issues that are affecting Rwanda to date that need more attentionThe Rwandan government released figures of a first major census in February 2002, aimed at an exertion to establish the number of those who lost their lives during the genocide. The findings asserted that about a seventh of the population -1 million, and seventy four thousand people-lost their lives. Among these, 94% comprised of Tutsis. Men were the major target in this genocide. The number of men can only be estimated and there are suggestions that they were 75-80% (Jones, 2000). The Rwandan work bear on was affected whose effects on economy may be felt to date.According to Prunier, the Rwandan economy stills remains badly hurt and no signs of quick recovery. Many teachers died in the genocide and this has led to suffering of the education sector. Hutu and Tutsi extremists affiliation solution to annihilation of the otherwise, and this could lead to another roam of killings. bailiwick 1 Loss of human labor necessary for growth of the Rwandan economy, due to the massive killing in the 1994 Genocide killings An estimated number of males killed consisted of 75-80% of those who died in the genocide.There are reports that indicate low percentage of adult male, such as the 20% of adult men consisting of 20% of the whole population in Gitamara district in Central Rwanda (Gough, 2000). This was because of the gendercidal killings which have led to demographic imbalance which may continue for longer (El-Bushra cited in Jones, 2000). It is obvious that the killings resulted to loss of human labor in all sectors of the Rwandan economy. Low food productivity in highly attacked areas has been linked to physical inability of women.Issue 2 The number of the HIV and Aids victims in the present Rwanda is partly because of the genocide killings Women were forced into sexual relationships with the killers with the threats that they would be killed if they refused (Jones, 2000). This resulted into transmission of the killer disease. Rapes, forced marriages and mutilation of the vagina and pelvic areas with weapons was also experienced by women (Shattered Lives Sexual violence During the Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath, 1996).According to McGreal (2001), orphans whose fathers were killed by machetes and mothers by HIV would be in tens of thousands. In 2001, two thirds of the tested 1200, of the 25000 Tutsi women belonging to the Widows of Genocide organization (Avega) were HIV-positive (McGreal, 2001). Issue 3 The current indication of lack of trust, and suspicion may indicate that there is strength for another massive killing like that experienced in the 1994 According to Jones, many Hutus feel proclaimed guilty by association, many Tutsis convictions that repressing Hutus pull up stakes assure them of their survival, and the belief by extremists on both side that annihilating one another is the only solution. The situation may spark another wave of killings. pass Regarding Crisis in Rwanda The following are recommendations that may alleviate the current situation in Rwanda, regarding the economy, security stability and sexual violence and HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome illnesses. Recommendation for the sexual violation 1.The families of those whose rights were s exually violated continue to suffer to date. The government should strengthen its support for the children of the families where rape cases were witnessed resulting in the contrasting of the HIV and Aids. The government should put in place a national program to search for the victims regardless of their tribe and support their children by reenforcement for their education to completion. 2. The government should incite and fund support programs by the local authorities for the women who were mutilated on their genitals and who experienced gang rape.The support program mustiness include honorarium to the victims which will help them establish business and other self-help ventures. The people who were the sources to root causes of the genocide event like Belgians, and who participated in one way or the other must come in and support the country in compensating for the victim. Recommendation for the shortage of labor 1. The government should continue to invest on current-technologi cal labor force while the population balance is set to increase in the near future.The government should identify areas that were massively affected and launch special programs to ensure occupation of food and other labor shortages are catered for. 2. The government should look for outsourced labor from the neighboring countries to take care of the human power shortages like lack of replete teachers and other personnel in other fields. Besides, the government should focus more resources on funding the education system to raise more professions. This is by funding education for the poor and the economically disadvantaged that form the majority of the population.3. The government should ensure that the public and the private sectors have arrangements to work through out for 24 hours to increase man hours for production and rendering of quicker services. The government should also look for the possibilities of removing all the barriers affecting or delaying production processes and i nvestments in any way. Recommendation on potential for another genocide event 1. The government should have institutions that are all-inclusive in all sectors for different social groupings.The government must always venture into constructive consultative means of making its major decisions in order to avoid conflicts on political issues and defiance by the pack which may be linked to certain interest groups like the tribe groupings. Besides, criminals must be deals with as provides the law without any discrimination, favor or fear. Those who were knotted in the genocide and are yet to be prosecuted must be made to carry their own cross without any consideration to their political inclinations and background.This is by ensuring that the country has an all-inclusive, proper constitution and judicial system. Bibliography Chris McGreal. A Pearl in Rwandas genocide horror. The Guardian. UK, December 5, 2001. Retrieved 15 November 2008 from http//www. gurdian. co. uk/Archive/Article/0 ,4273,4313577,00. hypertext markup language Gough. Husband-hiring hastens the spread of Aids in Rwanda. The Guardian. February 8, 2000. UK Gourevitch Philip. We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families Stories from Rwanda. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998, p. 3 Jones Adam.Case Study Genocide in Rwanda, 1994. 2000. Retrieved 15 November 2008 from http//www. gendercide. org/case_rwanda. hypertext markup language Prunier G. Rwandas Struggle to Recover from Genocide, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99 Prunier G. The Rwanda Crisis History of a Genocide. Columbia University Press, 1995. p. 261 Shattered Lives Sexual Violence During the Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath. Human Rights Watch, 1996. Retrieved 15 November 2008 from http//www. hrw. org/summaries/s. rwanda969. hypertext markup language Wrage. (2000). Genocide in Rwanda Draft Case Study for Teaching Ethics and International Affairs.

A Summary of Quine’s Problems with Carnap’s Philosophy Essay

In his Two Dogmas of Empiricism, Quine addresses what he views as problematic claims made by Carnap. The first problem Quine has with Carnaps epistemology is ab let out his exposition of state-descriptions. The problem is in two parts first Quine says that Carnaps version of uninflectedity is conditional, because it requires atomic sentences in a vocabulary to be mutually independent. The second part of the problem is that, Carnaps attempt to explore analyticity by way of his state-descriptions results in a problematic definition of analyticity, which ends up being more indicative of logical truth.In conclusion, Quine presents a solution to his problems with Carnap positing that the boundary in the midst of synthetic and analytic is imagined. In his attempt to pin down analyticity Quine encounters a problematic attempt at defining the term, by Carnap. Carnap has tended to explain analyticity by appeal to what he calls state-descriptions(195). Carnaps state-descriptions ar probl ematic for two reasons hotshot reason is that a statement is explained as analytic when it comes out true under every state description(195), this necessitates every atomic sentence to be mutually independent- meaning that two statements that mean the same thing are supposed to exist as two completely separate meanings. However, as Quine points out this would mean there would be a state-description which assigned truth to John is a bachelor and falsity to John is married, and consequently All bachelors are married would turn out synthetic rather than analytic under the proposed criterion(195).This truth gives rise to the second problem of Carnaps state-descriptions, that analyticity as it refers to state-descriptions entirely works for languages that do not contain synonymous words such as bachelor and unmarried. So, Quine submits that Carnaps state-descriptions are indicative of logical truth, not of analyticity. To generalize, these problems that Quine has with Carnaps philosoph ical system equate to a single point of disagreement, that there is an absolute distinction between analytic and synthetic.Quine points to our pragmatic inclinations to adjust one establish of the fabric of science rather an another in accommodating some particular recalcitrant experience(207). Quine believes that Carnaps drawing a distinction between analytic and synthetic points to our quest for simplicity in science, possibly deriving from a deconstructionist belief that everything can be equated to simplified smaller elements that profess up a whole.Quine challenges Carnaps methodology as well as his philosophical system. To conclude, Quine notes that he understands the philosophical approach attempted by philosophers like Lewis, and Carnap, entirely does not think that it is a beneficial one. Total science, mathematical and natural and human, is similarly but more extremely underdetermined by experience. The edge of the system must be kept squared with experience(207).Carna ps constructed language is a scientific one, and since science is based on our experience, when Carnap attempts to encompass our world using his language with strict rules, he does an injustice to sciences close relationship to experience, making his language based on the rules of arithmetic instead. Finally, Quine points to Carnaps employment of naturalism as one that comes up short, and does not justify the strict division between synthetic and analytic. Their pragmatism leaves off at the imagined boundary between the analytic and the synthetic.In repudiating such a boundary I espouse a more thorough pragmatism(207). Quine feels that the division between synthetic and analytic has been besides hastily assumed, and that a more thorough approach to the relationship would be helpful. He believes that the boundary between analytic and synthetic is too harshly drawn, and that the digression is only in degrees. He asks Carnap to suppress his foundations in our traditional scientific method and suggests that sometimes it is not always pragmatism that shapes our perception.

India Wine Industry Report Essay

CONTENTS Introduction Market Size Market Development topical anesthetic Industry Duties and Taxes Australian Wine players in India Market Segment and Market Sh ar for importationed fuddles Duties and price Structure Wine Duty calculation relate on sell price Pricing factors The Developing merchandise Market Entry Strategy Further Information Annexure I Map of India Annexure II expedient Information Annexure triplet Major Wine Importers in India Annexure IV list of other wine-coloured-colored Importers and Distributors in Mumbai Delhi Bangalore and Goa Annexure V Press Clipping PAGE NO 3 3 3 -4 4 5 5 5-6 6 7 8 8 8-9 9 11 12 13-16 17-19 20 -21. disclaimer Whilst every c atomic number 18 has been taken in compiling the information in this report, the Department of State Development and its contractors neither warrant nor even up that the material published herein is accurate or free from errors or omissions. To the extent permissible by law the Department of State Deve lopment and its contractors shall not be prudent or liable for whatever errors, omissions and misrepresentations made herein. 2 Introduction The Indian wine mart is in a nascent stage. Estimates suggest an enormous proceeds potential drop of this sector both from the indigenous wine making effort and imports.The wine market in India is mainly fuelled by the strong growth in the house servant wine production, but trade wine plays a role in creating awargonness and increased demand. Like most products in India, wine is highly price sensitive. Market Size As an emerging market India has great potential for wines, with an annual growth rate of 30% albeit from a low base. However, per capita exercise of wine in India is still low compared with other Asian markets. It was estimated that during the financial course 2008/9 the all overall size of the Indian wine market was around 1. 2 million cases, of which 210,000 cases even offd merchandise product.This is flyspeck when com pared with other beverage products. For example, there are an estimated 210 million cases of spirits consumed each form, of which speed of light million are cases of beer. The fortunes of the industry are linked to the changing drinking habits of Indians with higher disposable incomes, foreign tourists and visiting business people, and Government (Central and State) regulations and policies that govern the industry. Market Development Use of the kitty media to promote alcoholic beverages in the form of advertising in magazines, TV, radio, newspapers, or on street hoardings is not allowed in India.However in-store advertising or on-premise promotional materials are allowed in all expresss except Delhi. In should be pointed out that wine shops differ widely from those in Australia. Marketing strategies commence to include other forms of promotion such as promoting awareness on the relative health benefits of drinking wine, and sponsoring appropriate events which are cost effec tive and targeted towards those socioeconomic groups that can afford wine. The market demands a lot in terms of creating awareness, education and demystifying wine as a product.This can help offer the consumer base and increase demand. Companies wanting to successfully access the Indian wine market need to develop a long-term strategy that includes developing appropriate marketing promotions and educating agents, distributors and consumers about the product and the brand. on-going support of agents and distributors is required both on a financial basis (e. g. supporting promotions and marketing activities) and on a personal level. Increasing awareness of wine as a separate drink other than spirits has made it more socially acceptable.Increasing health consciousness and higher spending on corporate and personal entertainment has interchangeablewise given a boost to the sector. The increasing awareness of Government authorities to encourage wine drinking as compared with spirits h as certainly brought cheer to the companies in the sector. The perception of wine being upmarket and sophisticated is helping in bringing about this change. One print of this happening is the emergence of wine clubs in a number of cities. The biggest consumption of wine (up to 80%) is confined to the major cities, of which the largest are Mumbai (39%), Delhi (23%), Bangalore (9%) and the foreign tourist.3 dominated market of Goa (9%). With the easing of quantitative restrictions on wines after April 1, 2001, there has been an increasing interest in the Indian market by international players. However the import duties and utter taxationes (which will be discussed later in more detail) remain high. They continue to be a major impediment to the foreign entrants into the Indian market. topical anesthetic Industry Maharashtra, Karnataka and Himachal Pradesh (a recent entrant) are the three major wine producing regions in India.Maharashtra, on the western coast of India, is the majo r wine-producing region, accounting for 94% of the total wine produced in the country. According to the Department of Wine Production of the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC), the wine producing region is spread over 30,000 hectares, covering 64 wineries. During the year 2007/08 Maharashtra registered a massive growth in wine production to 21. 1 million litres against 13. 2 million litres in 2006/07. This was a growth of 60% over the previous year and exposits the ongoing appreciation of the virtues of wine by Indian consumers.Six new wineries became operational in Maharashtra, taking the total investment in the state to A$89 Million producing 720,000 litres of wine. The major grape producing regions in Maharashtra are Nasik, Satara, Sangli, Ahmednagar, Pune and Osmanabad, which are located approx 180-300 kms northeast and south of Mumbai. Thirty wineries have formal production and bottling plants in the Vinchur industrial estate near Nasik. Karnataka produced 1. 2 million litres of wine during the same period. Two of Indias leading brands, Grover Vineyards and Indage, have plans to set up wine production facilities in Himachal Pradesh.There are three major local producers who control more than 90% of the market. Their market shares are as follows interior(prenominal) Players Grovers Vineyard Chateau Indage Sula Vineyards 2004-05 37% 49 % 14 % 2005-06 26% 38% 36% 2006-07 24% 36% 34% 2007-08 22% 35% 35% most of the statistics of domestic and trade wine sales in India are as follows 2003-04 2004 -05 2005 -06 Domestic 430,000 490,000 535,000 Imported 40,000 70,000 100,000 Total Cases 470,000 580,000 635,000 (Figures sourced from Wine Report by MIDC) 2006-07 940,000 140,000 1,080,000 2007-08 1,000,000 210,000 1,210,000.During the stand year united Sprits Ltd (USL), part of UB Group, bought BouvetLadubay, a French winery, and has launched this brand on the Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, and Goa markets . USL intends to produce wine in India. T heir plans are to produce up to 600,000 cases per year. India has also exported a small volume of wine to Canada, Singapore, UK, and USA. 4 Duties and Taxes The import responsibility on bulk wine was zero from 2001 till 2003/04. In the year 2004/05 the duty for wine import in bulk was brocaded to the same level as that of imported bottled wine.Simultaneously, the state excise duty on bulk wine which was Rs7 per litre was raised to Rs200 per litre, and later to 200% of CIF honor. Hence the concept of bulk wine being imported then bottled in India is no longer feasible. The major wine imports have been from France, Italy, Australia and Spain. There is a maturation interest in wines from Austria, Italy, South Africa, Argentina, revolutionary Zealand and Chile. According to international Wine & Spirit Research (IWSR), 39% of the total wines imported into India have come from France, 24% from Italy, and the rest from the other countries listed.Australian Wine players in India Some Australian wine companies that have entered the Indian market during the last 7 years include Howling Wolves of horse opera Australia, who have been marketing wine in Mumbai since 2004. The former Premier of Western Australia, Dr Geoffrey Gallop, launched their wine in Bangalore in October 2005. Smith Brooke of Margaret River, Grant Durge, St. Hallett and Thomas Mitchell of South Australia, and Pikes, Victor Precie and Stonier of Victoria have tied up with Echidna Wine Traders to market their wines in India. Xanadu and Cape Mentelle from Western Australia are also being marketed in India by Fine Wines & More and Moet Hennessey.BRL Hardy has a distribution arrangement with Sula Vineyards of Nasik. Additionally well cognise Australia brands such as Oxford Landing, Yellow Tail, Jacobs Creek, and Tyrell are readily available in India. Market Segment and Market Share for Imported Wines In India, there are two major market segments through which imported wines are sell. These are the ho spitality sector the retail sector The hospitality sector consists of 4 and 5 friend hotels and upmarket restaurants and currently accounts for up to 63% of sales for imported wines.The hotels normally buy wine from importers and distributors as opposed to importing the wines directly from producers imputable to the logistics and economies of scale. The retail sector accounts for 30% of sales of imported wines. Currently there are ten Indian states that allow the sale of imported wines through retail stores. These are Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh. The union territories of Pondicherry and recent Delhi also allow the sale of imported wines through retail stores.The sellers are granted a permit and license accord to the policy of the respective state. In the 5 states other than those mentioned above, the sale of imported liquor (including wine) through retail outlets is not permitted. However 4 a nd 5 star hotels in these states are allowed to buy bottled wine against a duty free license. The states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh do not allow the sale of imported wines, while the state of Gujarat prohibits sale of any wine or liquor through retail outlets.Import duty, local taxes and monetary value Structure The Central Government levies import duty, in addition to which each State Government advertise impose their own taxes on imported wine. The taxes levied vary from state to state. They are complex and keep changing on a fairly regular basis. Because of the complex tax structure and permit regulations it is very hard for a distributor in one state to sell the product to buyers in another state. Hotels and restaurants, under the duty free scheme (a certain percentage of their foreign exchange earnings can be use to starting time import duty on imported goods, including wine) are at an advantage. However, the volume imported under this arrangement is still small.It is t o be historied that 75% of the imported wines are sold in 4 and 5 star hotels. Each state has different levels of gross as well as varying labelling requirements, types of labels, fees for registering labels, etc which need to be adhered to. Wine exporting countries, including Australia, have, through their High Commissions and Embassies in India, been making representations to the Indian Government with the support of local producers to streamline the taxation structure and labelling requirements.This has been a slow process and scant progress has been made. Duties and taxes are the major impediment to the growth of the wine market in India. The following examples illustrate the complexity of the problem. In Delhi the tax/duty on wine is at a uniform rate of Rs200 (A$5. 50) per litre from January 2008. In Karnataka state (Bangalore) the current tax is Rs630 (A$19) per case of 9 litres. In Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad) the tax on wine is based on the alcohol content as well as on volu me. The effective rate of duty amounts to Rs90 (A$2. 80) per litre.Under the WTO agreement and pressure from the US and EU countries, the Government of India announced the reduction in basic duty from 150% to 100% effective 3 July 2007. However the states increased the excise duty, which not only have-to doe withed the pricing level in retail sales but also made it extremely tough for imported wine to enter the market. Industry associations have taken up this matter with the Government and changes are expected in the near future. The following table is an example of the calculation of wine duties and tariffs as charged by the Federal Government and that by the State of Maharashtra and Mumbai.It also shows the impact of such duties on retail pricing, which is marginal in spite of the reduction in the basic import duty tariff. Maharashtra, the largest producer and consumer of wine, has been increasing taxes on imported wine in order to protect the local industry. 6 There is also sign ificant change in duties on liquor and wine in the state of Goa and Karnataka. Please see Annexure VI for further details. 7 Current wine duty calculation that impact on retail prices Duty compensable Scheme flaw Brand Brand 1 2 3 24 35 45 Duty Free Scheme Brand Brand 2 1 24 35 CIF in US$/case * Eqvt in INR 1$=40 Add Landing Fee 1% (AV) rudimentary Duty 150% Sub Total CVD 4% Total Landed Maharashtra Excise 200% of AV Sub Total Octroi 7. 2% Total rough-cut Margin Ex warehouse Sale Price Wholesale Margin 12% Wh Selling Rate Retail Margin 12% Consumer Price Consumer Price /Bottle VAT Total Total Taxes Taxes as % of CIF CIF in US $ Brand 3 45 960 969. 6 1400 1414 1800 1818 Eqvt INR Add In Bond graft Fee 2% Add Landing Fee 1% AV 960 979. 2 1400 1428 1800 1836 1454. 4 2121 2727 988. 992 1442. 28 1977. 98 2884. 56 320. 41 467. 27 2000 2000 5258. 4 6751. 83 1854. 36 3708. 72 600. 77 2000 8109. 49 2414. 4 3521 4527 Excise Duty 96.58 140. 84 181. 08 Octroi 2510. 98 3661. 84 4708. 08 Gros s Margin 1939. 2 2828 3636 Ex Warehouse 4450. 18 320. 41 4770. 59 2000 6489. 84 467. 27 6957. 11 2000 8344. 08 600. 77 8944. 85 2000 Wholesale Margin Ex Wholesale Price /Bottle Total Taxes 631. 008 5889. 4 490. 784 2298. 4 239% 810. 2194 7562. 05 630. 1707 3351. 83 239% 973. 139 9082. 63 756. 886 4309. 49 239% 6770. 59 8957. 11 10944. 9 Taxes as % of CIF 812. 47 1074. 85 1313. 38 12258. 2 7583. 06 10032 909. 97 1203. 84 1470. 99 8493. 03 11235. 8 13729. 2 707. 75 141. 55 849. 3 3810. 59 397% 936. 32 187. 26 1123. 58 5557. 11 397% 1144. 1 228.82 1372. 92 7144. 85 397% Please note the above is a guide only. Taxes and duties are subject to change without notice. Exporters must check the duties and tariffs before concluding any sale/contract. 8 Pricing Factors Going by the calculation shown in the table above, the retail price for wines goes as high as 500% of the CIF value for bottled wine. It is still higher in most 4 and 5 star hotels and upmarket restaurants due to the higher margin s they are able to obtain. In Indian hotels and restaurants imported wine is sold upwards of Rs2200 (A$60) per bottle, with premium wines sold at higher prices.Up to 70% of imported wines are sold through retail outlets at Rs1200 (A$35) upwards per bottle. There is also a one off label registration fee that has to be paid in each State the wine is to be sold. The fee is calculated on the maximum retail price and varies from State to State. For example in Goa the label registration fee for a bottle of wine that retails for between Rs. 2000-5000 is currently Rs45,000. The Developing Market According to the Exim Bank Survey it is conservatively estimated that 10 million Indians (around 1% of the population) could be termed as potential consumers of imported wines.They would come from the upper/middle class socio-economic groups. The profile of wine drinkers has changed in the past five years. This is due to the fact that many Indians have traveled overseas and have been exposed to a v ariety of wines. They have started regarding wine as a beverage with health benefits rather than as an alcoholic beverage. Women, too, are increasingly choosing wine as a beverage of choice as it has a certain sophistication attached to it. Wine is also being used more special promotions, product launches etc.Despite challenges such as high duties, complex state taxes and laws, and poor infrastructure and logistics, the market is growing at a healthy 30% per annum. As a result most of the leading Indian alcoholic and beverage companies have started firming up their portfolios to include wine (local and imported). Market Entry Strategy Exporters need to take a long-term approach in developing their strategies to access the Indian market. Although India is a steadily growing market, it is extremely price sensitive.Exporters should establish their own importing company, fund the import costs, and provide long term marketing budgets with dedicated sales and marketing staff. In order to succeed it is vital for the exporter to choose an agent or distributor who has a good knowledge of the local market and can effectively egest with concerned parties, and in particular someone who understands the complex regulations that apply to imported wines. Because of the constraints on advertising wine in India an effective strategy for marketing has to imply a close working relationship with the agent and distributor.The exporter is expected to provide the advertising and promotional material as well as bear the expenses incurred for promotions, tastings etc unless other than agreed. Therefore, all expectations of the agent and distributor need to be agreed upon before any formal arrangement is concluded. The brands may target either retail outlets or hotels in order to develop brand identity. High end wines are usually positioned only in the premium segment of 5 star hotels and comprise limited volumes. 9 A focussed approach, with an emphasis on marketing as opposed to sal es, is the need of the hour.This approach would help in brand tuition and brand recall. The company would need to earmark a capital budget in the first 2-3 years for marketing towards brand establishment and development. Till assignment no major importer has been able to focus on brand development as they have to sell a number of varieties in order to expand their clientele It is an established fact that in times of recession, the sale of alcoholic beverages and chocolates (in Europe) increases. However, the focus shifts from consumption on premise to off premise and volumes of entry level products increase.Hence the current global and India market scenario lend credibility to the suggestion of establishing a marketing company in India. This company could respond to changing market dynamics more swiftly by shifting focus from high end wines to entry level wines and focussing on retail/individual buyers. For further information on the opportunities for wine in the Indian market, pl ease contact the Western Australia Trade Office India.10 ANNEXURES 11 ANNEXURE I MAP OF INDIA 12 ANNEXURE II Major Trade Events INDSPIRIT 30-31 October 2009, The Renaissance Hotel, Powai, Mumbai www. ambrosiaindia.com Indian International Wine Fare December 2009 www. iiw. com International nourishment Expo December 2009 www. ife-india. com India International Food and Wine Show, January 2010 unexampled Delhi www. ifows. com International Hospitality Fair- February 2010 www. internationalhospitalityfair. in Useful Links www. indianwine. com www. indianwineacademy. com www. sommelierindia. com www. thewinesocietyofindia. com www. thewinesociety. org www. fwmclub. com Useful Industry Contacts Mr Subhash Arora, President Indian Wine Academy A-458 Defence addiction invigorated Delhi 110024 Mbl 09818368428 netmail aroraindianwineacademy.com www. indianwineacademy. com.The Academy produces a weekly newsletter which can be obtained through their website. Dr Jaideep K. Kale Technical C o-ordinator Grape Wine Park, MIDC, Jog Center, second Floor, Wakdewadi, Pune-411 003. MAHARASHTRA (INDIA) Mobile 09823381014 Tel. No. 020-25819444/445, Fax No. 020-25819446 E-mail ronashikmidcindia. org Mr H R Ahuja theatre director Win Wine & Beverages Pvt. Ltd. B-204, Rajrudram, Gokuldam Film City Road, Goregaon (East) Mumbai 400063 Tel 91 22 2840 9194 Email ahujahrahotmail. com onlywineshotmail. com.Ms Rogita Tiwari Associate Editor Ambrosia 13/D, Laxmi Industrial demesne New Link Road Andheri (W) Mumbai 400053 Tel. 91 2229358083 Email sapplbom8. vsnl. net. in www. ambrosiaindia. com 13 ANNEXURE III MAJOR WINE IMPORTERS Although there are probably more than 100 importers in India, the following are the major companies Brindco International Based in Delhi, is report to have imported around 25,000 cases of wine. They currently have arrangements with approximately 60 wineries from eleven countries including Baron Philippe de Rothschild, E.Guigal, Albert Bichot and Louis Jadot (Fr ance) Allegrini, Marchessi di Barolo and Gaja (Italy) Joseph Phelps, Francis Coppola (California) Leeuwin Estate, Wolf Blass and Peter Lehman (Australia) Brindco is a key vendor to some of the top hotel chains in India including Taj Hotels and the Welcome Group. Mr. Aman Dhall Managing Director Brindco Sales Limited S35 Okhla Industrial athletic field Phase 2 New Delhi. 11 00 20 Tel 91 11 4161 6424 Fax 91 11 26 38 8818 Mobile +9198100 72050 E-mail amandhallbrindcolimitd.com Sonarys Co-BrandsThe company imports approximately 20,000 cases of wine per year and assembled a good portfolio of 350 labels from over 45 wineries in 11 countries. Some of the brands Sonarys handle include Arrowwood, Clos du Val and Robert Mondavi (California ) Montes (Chile) Falvey, Hugel et Fila, Domaine Laroche and Pascal Jolivet (France) Antiori, Umberto Cesari, Micael Chirlo and Prunetto (Italy) The company has established good connections with most of the upscale tourist hotels in the major cities. Mr Sa njay Menon CEO Sonarys Co-Brands Pvt. Lt.d, 12 Creative Industrial Estate NM Joshi Marg, inflict Parel, Mumbai. 400 022.Tel 91 22 5666 9111 Fax 91 22 5666 9100 E-mail sanjaysansula. com blade www. sansula. com 14 Global Tax Free is a family business based in Delhi and import approximately 15,000 cases per year. Their portfolio includes Taylors (Australia) Trivento (Argentina) Concha y Toro of Chile (Chile) Casa Givelli Cassetta and Fontella (Italy) Laurent Premier blue jean Claude Boisset , Joseph Droubhin, Rene Barber and Calvet (France) KVW (South Africa) Mr Mukul Mehra President Global Tax Free Traders Inc 87 Sainik Farms, Central Avenue New Delhi.110 062 Tel 91 11 6597 9222 Fax 91 11 2955 2574 E-mail infoglobaltaxfreetraders,com weave www. globaltaxfreetraders. com Moet Hennessy Based in Mumbai, Moet Hennessy are importing in the region of 10,000 cases per annum. Their portfolio largely consists of wines from wineries owned by their parent company, LVMH. They also represen t Terrazas (Argentina) Casa Lapostolle (Chile) Green Point and Cape Mentelle (Australia) Cloudy Bay wines (New Zealand) Mr Ashiwini Deo Moet Hennessy (Cape Mentelle) 501 E, Dr A B Road Worli Mumbai 400025 Mbl 98213 12556 Email ashwin. deoap. moet-hennessy.com Sovereign ImpexThe Delhi based importers current portfolio includes Vakdivieso and Santa Ema (Chile ) Lungaroti, Pio Cesare, Fotonari and Mastroberardina(Italy ) Wildekrans Wine Estate (South Africa) Mr Naresh Uttamchandani Sovereign Impex Pvt. Ltd. , C. 15 Safdarjang Dev Area (2 Floor), New Delhi 11 00 16 Email nvuhotmail. com Mobile 91 98110 42416 Web www. sovereignindia. com 15 Sula Although one of the top Indian wine producers, the company also imports approximately 10,000 cases per year. To date they have focused on importing brands produced by the Constellation Group.The following are currently sold in India Two Oceans ( South Africa) Hardys (Australia) Trimbach, Forrtant and JC Le Roux (France) House of Ruffino (Italy) S ho Chuku Bai (Japan) Mr Rajeev Samant, CEO Sula Vineyard Samant Soma Wines Pvt. Ltd 1 & B2 Matulya Centre C Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai. 400 013 Tel 91 22 6660 6685 Fax 91 22 2492 6064 Mohan Bros Mohan Bros supplies wine to the diplomatic corp as well as duty free shops and ships chandlers. Mr Rohit Mehra match Mohan Bros. Pvt. Ltd. , Plaza Cinema Bldg (2 Floor) Connaught Place, New Delhi.11 00 01 Tel 91 11 4151 3434 Fax 91 11 4151 636 RR International is another supplier of wine to embassies, airport duty free shops, airlines and ships chandlers. They also supply hotels and have boned wharehouses in Delhi and Mumbai. Mr S Garg Director RR International B. 90A Greater Kailash I, New Delhi. 11 00 48 Tel 91 11 2643 1058 Fax 91 11 2623 8354 Munjal Bros. is the Indian agent for Castel and Pernod Ricard of France. Mr Harminder Singh Munjal Director Munjal Bros Pvt. Ltd. , 356 Pappargaj Industrial Estate New Delhi 11 00 92 Tel 91 11 2216 9289 Fax 91 11 2216 9288 16 Aspri Sp irits also import wine as well as spirits.They are the Indian agents for Absolut Vodka. Their wine portfolio includes De Bortoli ,Sacred Hill and Windy neb (Australia) Campari and Cinzano (Italy) Contact details Mr Arun Kumar, Aspri Spirits Pvt. Ltd. , N230 Ground Floor Greater Kailash I New Delhi. 11 00 48 Tel 91 11 4163 3981 Fax 91 11 4163 1713 Mob 91 98104 43440 E-mail delhiaspri. org Web www. aspri. org 17 ANNEXURE IV LIST OF OTHER WINE IMPORTERS AND DISTRIBUTORS A) MUMBAI Mr Ranjit S.Chougule Chief Operating Officer Champagne Indage Ltd 82, Indage House Dr A B Road Worli Mumbai 400 025 Tel 91 22 24938718 Fax 91 22 24913435 Email winesindagegroup.com Ms Dharti Desai Founder Fine Wines N More 406, Raheja Plaza, bandage 15/B Parksons Press Compound Off new Link Road Andheri West Mumbai 400053 Tel 91 22 4033 0000 Fax 91 22 4033 0100 Web www. finewinesnmore. com.Mr Bruno Yvon National Brand Manager India Clicquot Asia 88 Maker Tower, 8th Floor Cuffe Parade Mumbai 400 005 Tel 91 2 2 2218 1039 Fax 91 22 2218 0801 Mr Darren Centofanti Managing Director Pick of the Bunch 402 B Wing, Haripreet Building Tagore Road Santacruz (W) Mumbai 400054 Tel. No. 91 22 26494114 Emailpickofthebunchgmail. com www. pickofthebunchwines. comMr Vishal Kadakia 47A, Nandjyot Industrial Estate Andheri Kurla road Mumbai 400 072 Tel 91 22 28516621 Fax 91 22 28516626 Mbl9820858618 Emailinfothewinepark. com Web www. thewinepark. com Mr Vishnu G Dev Director South Seas Distilleries & Breweries Pvt Ltd Old Chinoy Bldg, 275 E, Tardeo Road Mumbai 400 007 Tel 91 22 23876068 18 (B) NEW DELHI Mr Narottam Sharma Materials Manager Corporate Hyatt Regency Hotel Bhikaiji Cama Place, Ring Road, New Delhi 110 066 Tel9111 26791234, 26791150 Ext. 1422 Fax. 91 11 26791122, Mobile 91 9811011160 Email narotamsndf. vsnl. in.Mr Bill Marchetti Executive Chef ITC Maurya Sheraton & Towers Diplomatic Enclave, New Delhi 110021 Tel. 91 11 26112233 Fax. 91 11 26113333 Email bill_marchettiyahoo. com. au Mr N. K. Piplani General Manager I. T. D. C. Duty Free Shops International Trade Division, 504 5th Fl. Jeevan Vihar 3 Sansad Marg, New Delhi 110 001 Tel 91 11 32740895 Fax91 11 23341459 / 32740895 Email piplanitheashokgroup. com Web. www. theashokgroup. com Mr Sanjiv K. Singh TT & G Trading Private Limited Managing Director Thapar House 124 Janpath New Delhi 110001 Tel. 91 11 23361369, 23349030 Fax. 91 11 23349029 Email. great_vintagesrediffmail.com Mr Raja Mukherji, Head International Brands Radico Khaitan Limited Plot No. J 1, Block B 1, Mohan Co-op. Industrial Area Mathura Road New Delhi 110 044 Tel 91 11 26975403-09 Fax 91 11 26975339-40 Email Rdccrmpnde. vsnl. net. in Web. www. radicokhaitan. com Ms Firdaus Khan-Chowdhury Mr. Mathieu Villard Directors Francis Wacziarg Group A 50 Nizamuddin East, New Delhi 110013 Tel. 91 11 24355910, 24355901, 24355920 Fax. 91 11 24351112 Email. brandsfwacziarg. com Web. www. fwacziarg. com Mr B. K. Pardal CEO Global Brand Management India 65A Pocket 14 Himgiri Apartments, Kalkaji Extension, New Delhi 110 019 Tel. 91 11 26091993 Fax. 91 11 26093272 Email bkpardalvsnl. net Mr Peter Schatzmann Corporate Director -Food & Beverage The Oberoi Hotels New Delhi Tel 91 11 2389 0594 Fax91 11 2389 0590 Email pschatzmaneih-india. com 19 (C).BANGALORE Mr Abhay Kewadkar Chief Wine Maker United Spirit Limited, 51, Richmond Road, Bangalore 560025 India Tel 91 80 30510600 Email Abhaykewadkarubmail. com Mr Ashwat Rashwat Reddy M/S Saptagiri Enterprises 683, 50ft Road, 3RD Block, 3RD Stage BSK Bangalore 560085 Tel (MOB) +91 9844001145, Off 91 80 6791 988, Fax 91 80 6793 504.Mr Prabhu Yalagi Managing Director Castello Farm Products P Ltd. 257, Hosur Road Wilson Gardens Bangalore 560 027 Tel. No 91 80 56690251 Mr Raja MukherjiHead International Brands Radico Khaitan Pvt Ltd 1203, Regent Chambers Nariman Point Mumbai 400021 Tel 91 22 56359845 (D) GOA I Mr Fransico Montecruz Director Impala Distilleries & Brewery Ltd 33, Amonte New Mark et, Margaon, Goa Tel 919822388144,9822101149 Tel 91832 2705339 Mr Alto Mundo Alto Mundo Vinhos Impex Pvt Ltd G-3, R-12,, Techno Park, Chogum Road, Porvorim, Goa 403521 Tel 91-9324938638, Email galtomundorediffmail. com.Mr Mario de Sequeria Partner Tonia Agencies Raicho Ambo Raia Salcete Goa 403720 Tel 91 832 2740187 Mb09822102182 Mr Antonio De Silva Partner Royal Spirit Satt Adhar Arcade, Peddem, Mapusa (Mapuca), Goa 403507 Tel 91 832-6516185 20 ANNEXURE V Posted Friday, October 31 2008. 950 India Loses Case in WTO draw in U. S. Trade Representative Susan C. Schwab announced in Washington yesterday that the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate form has found in favour of the United States in its challenge against Indias additional and extra-additional duties on wine, spirits and other agricultural and manufactured products.Indian Wine Academy has insisted all along that the additional duties charged were illegal, according to the WTO agreement. It now appears that India camo uflaged the proceedings by not providing full details to the earlier panel and that helped its win the case filed by the US. EU had withdrawn its case after the government had waived Additional Customs Duties on July 4. 2007. However, US had stuck on with the case knowing the intricacies involved with the excised duty structure of states.India had oblige these duties on U.S. imports in addition to and on top of its basic customs duty, resulting in combined duties on imports of alcoholic beverages (beer, wine and spirits) of up to 550 percent. India argued that the duties were permitted because they simply offset certain internal taxes (such as value-added taxes). The Appellate Body reversed the panel, which had found that any import charge offsetting an internal tax need only operate the same function as the internal tax and need not be equivalent in amount to that internal tax.In reversing the panel, the Appellate Body agreed with the United States that any import charges aimed a t offsetting internal taxes cannot result in a higher amount being charged to imports than to like domestic products. This is an important decision for all WTO Members, particularly at a time when they are negotiating tariff commitments, said Ambassador Schwab. The Appellate Body reversed a deeply flawed panel report and reaffirmed a fundamental WTO rule that Members cannot impose duties on imports that exceed their tariff commitments. After the United States initiated the dispute, and in reception to U. S. concerns, India announced the withdrawal of the additional duty on alcoholic beverages and modifications to the extra-additional duty, which it represented to the panel eliminated any discrimination against U. S. imports. We continue to have concerns about whether these measures have eliminated Indias abusive use of additional tariffs, particularly given Indias refusal to produce information to support its claims that the duties merely offset internal state-level taxes.We contin ue to closely superintend the effect of both actions. The Appellate Body considered that the additional duty on imports of alcoholic beverages and the extra-additional duty on imports of alcoholic beverages and other products would not be confirm as offsetting excise duties and other internal taxes on like domestic products insofar as the duties result in charges on imports that exceed those on like domestic products, and consequently, that this would render both the additional duty and extra-additional duty inconsistent with Indias tariff commitments.The Panels interpretation would have opened a Pandoras Box by inviting the widespread imposition of additional tariffs in violation of WTO commitments. Unfortunately, because of Indias refusal to provide information to the panel on its internal taxes including in response to direct quest.

My (Not So Unique) Holiday Family Traditions Essay

When our Sociology class was assigned to write almost family traditions, I instantly became nervous because I couldnt think of unity tradition off the top of my head that was special and unequalled to my family. I sat there and wondered, should I tell the truth and reveal the fact that my family doesnt have all traditions? Should I make one up and fake my way through the entire thing good to get a good grade? Should I take someone elses family tradition and squawk it my own? As you can probably tell, I was completely stuck. I feel as though my family traditions are ones that are shared with other families round the world. The typical family traditions that Im referring to are about are during the approval and Christmas holidays. During Thanksgiving, we always have our annual family dinner polish at my grandmothers house. All the women of the family cook different dishes such as turkey, stuffing, mashed stump spudes, green beans, etc. The women usually sit around the dinner table while the men of the family assemble in the living room and watch TV, typically football. The children of the family usually sit at a separate table and after they are done, they usually go outside to play. Christmas traditions and the traditions of Thanksgiving are a good deal in the same.Occasionally after everyone gets their stomachs full, we usually play a game called catch phrase. There is never a dull moment when we play this game. It is similar to charades in which you hold a device that shows you a word that you moldiness describe to your teammates without introduceing the word directly. When I was assigned this essay, I went to my mother, hoping that we had a tradition that I just overlooked. Needless to say, I was back at square one, she couldnt think of any that were unique I began to look to my peers for help, which resulted in the usual, Just say something obvious, like, On the twenty-fifth day of December, my family opens presents that are left underneath an a rtificial tree by an heavy man who has some strange obsession with red clothes and non-existent animals who can fly That wasnt much help either. In comparison to the traditional Caucasian holiday traditions, I researched via internet on the African American holiday traditions. A common statement that I found was that Todays Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners are just a taste of how African Americans used to eat. Before you slice into that sweet potato pie, douse those greens in hot sauce or cut a lemoner of macaroni and high mallow this holiday season, consider where those traditions came from.In the late 19thcentury, geography factored in how people celebrated the yuletide season. During this term, African Americans lived mostly a rural existence, which translated into a farm-to-table lifestyle. I found a blog of two sisters discussing their African American culture during the holiday seasons. Sisters Norma Jean and Carole Darden discussed their history and recipes in recounting African-American life and culture. Their grandmothers traditions were passed down to them in which they will pass them down to their children and so on. She lived on a dairy farm and wanted milk and cream in the familys dishes. A favorite dish was calico Christmas cookies, made with rose water and orange-flower water. Norma will be preparing Thanksgiving dinner for her family in November. Shes been prep since age 9. Her dinner table will have turkey with corn bread dressing on the side, many quarts of giblet gravy, whole cranberry sauce and mashed potatoes. But in homage to her stepfather, shell make smoked oysters for an appetizer, corn and peas as a side dish as well as yams in a cast-iron pot, without marshmallows.Just as he taught her. We live in an age in which it is hard to spend time together as a family. Many families today wonder if having quality time together is a thing of the past. We are inordinately busy, for one thing, whether household bread-winners or college st udents. Also, the definition of family has changed. We are dealing with parvenue definitions and characterizations of the idea of family. Some of us have traditional families. Some families have divorced, single, and/or remarried parents, creating a quite a confusing family tree. Some people choose to live their lives alone, but may still be terminal enough to some friends to consider them family. Whatever the circumstances, many of us honestly dont notice how to celebrate together. We may even see the word tradition as something dulling and old, having no meaning for or application to us personally something usually being forced upon us. It is up to us to create fresh family traditions. Celebrating is not hard. We all know about celebrating and have some ways of doing it. The only challenge is to commence new ways. Why do we need to celebrate tradition? It gives us something to look forward to and makes a formal statement that there are some things in life to be grateful for.T he flavor of honoring tradition is unsettling for some people let alone creating new ones. We seem to think that traditions must be heavy and complex ideas that had been around for atomic number 6s of years and will be aroundfor a hundred more. In my opinion, this is not true. It need not be big or religious at all. I believe a tradition is something that you do once that feels good, so you do it again and again. Tradition is in all our lives in one way or another. Without participation in such activities there would be no family bond or pride. Being involved in these activities brings people closer and makes us agnize who we are. Everything we do and every day of our lives we take part in a tradition in one form or another. After writing this paper, I realize that my family traditions may not be unique to others, but they are special to me and the members of my family and that is something that I will always cherish and hope to pass down to future generations.

Obama care Essay

The Presidential election of the joined States of the States is behind us (November 2012), and yet US citizens seem to be dealing with the same political debates as last year and the year before. oft of this hinges around ideological, political and intellectual differences over what kinds of policies are right for the American cosmos. The near controversial is the executing of the Affordability palm solve, popularly known as Obama missionfulness (see, question). This act was officially signed into law on March 23rd 2010. The Affordable consider Act is the issuing of a joint effort between all sides of the isle, health policy companies, and law makers and has been in the works for decades.The law itself is ground on Romney Care, The Massachusetts health care redress reform law, St. 2006, c.58 (www.obamacarefacts.com). Obama Care is useful to the citizens of the United States of America. It regulates the health indemnification industry, and helps to increase the quality , affordability, and availability of health insurance. It was projected that Obama Care will alter thirty million uninsurable singles to be able to obtain health insurance. Given the facts I believe that Obama Care is ingenious, and so the dissertation of my essay is that Obama Care promotes comparability, enables emancipation, and creates solidarity in the United States of America. This legislation is needed to make the necessary switch overs in the United States of America.In order to understand the assertion that Obama Care enables freedom, promotes equality, and creates solidarity, the purpose of the Affordable Care Act has to be understood, the past healthcare system of the United States of America has to be explained, and the scepticism on the Affordable Care Act has to be eradicated. To begin with, Obama Care is also known as the Affordable Care Act, and the uncomplaining Protection Act. It was signed into law on March 23rd 2010. This act affirms the principle that ev erybody should consent most basic security when it comes to healthcare. The purpose of Obama Care is to create new rules for insurers, and to expand medical security to millions of individuals.This is achieved by implementing a health insurance marketplace, where Americans can buy subsidized and regulated health insurance plans in a competitive private market. This Act expands Medicaid and Medicare to many batch. It is beneficial to the Brobdingnagian majority of the American population, only when most especially the less privileged. The less youmake, the more the Affordable Care Act is of benefit to you.This Act does non constrain the freedom of individuals. Its target audience are those who do not like their catamenia health insurance plan and those who are making fewer than 400% of the federal official Poverty Level. The Federal Poverty Level is an separate way of referring to the Federal poverty guidelines. It is one measure of poverty inside the United States, and the U .S. Department of wellness and Human Services issues it annually to determine financial eligibility for certain federal programs and benefits These include but are not limited to Medicare, the Childrens Health Insurance Program, Migrant Health Centers, Community Health Centers, Family and Planning Services, and now Obama Care.The characteristics used to determine poverty thresholds include family size, number of children and whether or not those in 1- or 2-person units are elderly (www.healthedeals.com). Before the introduction of Obama Care, the primary source of health protective covering for the American society was Medicaid. Medicaid is the largest source of funding for medical and health related services for plenty with low income in the United States of America. Medicaid is jointly funded by the state and Federal government, and is available to concourse who not only stomach low income but also meet other criteria such as being a citizen of the United States of America, be a Permanent Resident in the U.S.A, and someone with a impairment (see.www.healthcare.gov). However, Medicaid is no continuing capable of providing the citizens with their needs and enough coverage.The United States of America seeks to close budget gaps, and it was proposed that Medicaid be put into a block grant or capped program, with significantly reduced funding, which would also result in cuts to eligibility and to services that are covered by Medicaid (www.familiesusa.org). This nitty-gritty that a vast amount of the population would not have health insurance. Unlike Canada, the United States of America does not have free healthcare, thus such legislative action would endanger the lives of many of its citizens. The Affordable Care Act makes many nutriment for people.These include people with the grandfathered plans (plans that were in existence up until March 23rd 2010and havent been changed in ways that substantially cut benefits or increase costs for consumers (www.dol.g ov.com), those who have a legible insurance plan from work, a legible personal insurance plan, and for cultural and religious reasons.Firstly, Obama Care promotes equality in society. Equality is derived from the term equal. To be equal is to have the same as (www.merriam-webster.com). In this sense, citizens should have the same or a relatively equal amount of healthcare protection. It is accurate to state that not everyone in the American society is equal. People are at assorted hierarchies they earn different wages, have different jobs with different benefits, and have different educational backgrounds. Regardless of these disparities, the life of each person should be every bit valued and protected. Healthcare insurance can be quite expensive to purchase. Different factors influence the monetary value of an individuals healthcare insurance premium.These include the medical history of an individual, the location in which the individual resides, the level of coverage, the deducti ble and co-payments (see, www.sbis.ca). These factors filter a lot of people who wish to purchase health insurance by making their premium unaffordable, or a strain on their way of life. Although, Medicaid is put in place to provide people who cannot afford health insurance with some coverage, Medicaid offers very basic protection and the majority of Americans do not qualify for Medicaid. In the United States of America, about 44 million people have no health insurance, and another 38 million have inadequate health insurance.This means that well-nigh one-third of Americans face each day without the security of knowing that, if and when they need it, medical care is available to them and their families (www.pbs.org). It is unfair to exclude people from having equal medical protection most especially if it is based on the fact that their income is not low enough, and (or) they have poor medical conditions. Obama Care reduces this disparity, because it prohibits health insurers for cha rging you more, because of preexistent health conditions.Insurers can only charge an individual based on whether it is an individual coverage or a coverage for multiple people, where the person lives, the age of the person, and if the person uses tobacco (www.obamacarefacts.com). The capital punishment of these criterias is projected to enable thirty million uninsured people purchase health insurance (www.obamacarefacts.com). This creates vast more equality in society, with relation to medical care. Thus, it is evident that Obama Care promotes equality in the American society.Secondly, Obama Care enables freedom. Obama Care places health care insurance on a subsidized, and competitive private market. This provides more citizens with the opportunity to analyse and select the type of healthcare insurance plan the need, want and will purchase. Obama Care expands and improves Medicaid. It provides citizens with the opportunity to backing their current insurance plan if they like it and provided that it complies with the terms of the Affordable Care Act, or it has Grandfathered status(www.obamacarefacts.com).Additionally, if you have government based insurance then you are covered (www.pbs.org). Therefore, Obama Care enables citizens with not just the freedom to purchase sufficient medical coverage, but also the freedom to keep their healthcare insurance if it already provides them with sufficient coverage.Thirdly, Obama Care creates solidarity. Solidarity is a unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common inte equaliser mutual support within a group. The implementation of Obama Care means the vast majority of Americans will have medical coverage. Every legal American citizen contributes to Obama Care. New tax incomees were implemented for the citizens of America because of Obama Care. The new tax related provisions in the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) include tax hikes, limits to deductions, tax credits, tax breaks, and other changes (www.obamacarefacts.com).This is because, Obama Care includes many new benefits, rights, and protections including the requirement for health insurers to cover people with pre-existing conditions. It also expands access to affordable health insurance to almost 50 million low-to-middle income men, women, and children crossways the country by offering reduced premiums via tax credits and expanding Medicaid and CHIP. Expanding the quality, affordability and availability of health insurance (along with other aspects of the law) come at a high cost. Assuming all tax provisions remain in place, the revenue generated from these new taxes help to cover the costs of the program and reduces the deficit. (www.obamacarefacts.com). This shows that with Obama Care, health insurance is no longer a premium compensable based on your age, gender, medical history, and location. This plan ensures that American citizens will be work in unison to make health insurance affordable for on e another, and are workingtogether to reduce the deficit and part the American economy.Although the Affordable Care Act appears to be a progressive solution for the United States of America, some people do not agree with the implementation of Obama Care. The most prominent opponent of the Affordable Care Act is the Republican Party of the United States of America. They argue that the implementation of Obama Care will iincrease health care costs, cause insurance premiums to rise, hurts the quality of health care, create nearly $570 billion in tax hikes, and add over $500 billion to the debt (www.gop.com). Personally, I do not support the argument of the Republican Party. Although Obama Care might cause all of the stated, the benefit is greater than the cost. The change in cost does not seem to be substantial enough to cause great trauma to the majority of American citizens, and whatever initial debt Obama Care may cost will be paid off in the long run.Furthermore, this Act is for t he benefit of the greater good, and it enables most citizens to live a better lifestyle. In conclusion, the Affordable Care Act promotes equality, enables freedom, and creates solidarity in the United States of America. It is evident that this legislation is democratic, because its founding principles rest on equality, freedom and solidarity. No consensus exists on how to define democracy, but equality, freedom and rule of law have been identified as important characteristics since ancient times (Wikipedia.ca).The United States of America is not only a democratic country, but also one of the superpowers of the world. Such a dignified country should always school to maximize the comfort and welfare of its citizens. The goal of Obama Care is to maximize the comfort and welfare of American citizens which is how it should be.

Culture And Second Language Learning Essay

Through the conduction of studies, it has been discovered that get winding a befriend words, particularly in a pip where second voice communication learning is given particular importance, requires an immersion into the lingua and ethnic societies of the primeval speakers of the second spoken language that is to be learned (Wan 44-45). This requirement is extremely important to be followed as the immersion on the societal comp nonpareilnts of the second language of the native speakers helps the learner to obtain more active learning benefits when trying to acquire second language abilities (Wan 45). Literature ReviewAlthough numerous language specialists do conclude that finish and social groups exercise great model on the acquisition of second language abilities, these specialists be yet bound to non realize that the components that involve this situation ar link up and are not distinct entities from each other (Wan 46). It is crucial to understand that learning a s econd language involves factors that derrierenot exist without the existence of other factors (Wan 47). Most recently, it has acquire a trend to become immersed in the purification of the native speakers of the second language through the use of the internet (Wan 47).Numerous second language learners cast the web in order to get immersed into the native speakers nicety (Wan 47). Numerous second language learners can by all odds learn through the utilization of this method as the web has got a lot of breeding from around the world to offer to the browsers (Wan 47). Methodology And info summary Result of the surveys participated in by incline language learner students 3 1. Methodology They nurse had difficulty forming friendships due to language barriers. information summary A little over 65 % of these people have had trouble forming friendships with English native speakers in the get together States due to language differences. It is very much uncomfortable to form a f riendship with people whom you lots resonate difficulty in conversing with. An interesting conversation turns sour when you have difficulty conversing with someone. The people who face this difficulty with English native speakers often become lonely while living in the United States if they are not able to find friends that share the same language as them. 2.Methodology They have had difficulty achieving their donnish goals than they would have if their instruction at school were conducted in their native language. selective information Analysis Although non-native speakers of English who are proficient in English are the only non-English speaker foreign students who are admitted for formal academic studies at schools in America, English proficient non-native English speakers also still encounter difficulty in their academic studies than they would have if the instruction was conducted in their own language. This is such the case as the mentioned students still are not utilize t o the English language.These students most usually converse with their circle of influence in their native language, hence, this situation causes them to become awkward in utilizing the English language in their academic studies as well. The most objective advice that can be recommended from this situation is for the students to use the English language often even when conversing with non-native English speakers who form their circle of influence. Or, it would be better if these students would be able to find native English speaker friends who would be willing to practice conversing with4 them in English on a regular basis. It would also be helpful for these students to practice sharpening their English language writing skills through regularly utilizing writing drills. 3. Methodology verbiage barriers often make the students purport a longing to go collection plate to their country. Data Analysis Numerous students who experience difficulty learning English in the United States are usually not able to adjust to their social environment in the country. As a resolving they often feel that they are social outcasts and feel that they dont belong in the community.Because of this situation that they may get into, they may become inclined to go back to their home country. 4. Methodology actors line barriers may have the tendency to make the students inculcate a lower self-esteem. Data Analysis The students feel that they are not smart enough as they are not able to efficiently learn a second language. This dampens their spirits of good self-esteem. 5. Methodology These students become the targets of discrimination pranks in the United States. Data Analysis Numerous of these students become the victims of prank jokes just because of their limited English language abilities.They are seen as vulnerable group of people as they create a self-image of being dumb or not smart enough due to their limited English language abilities. 6. Methodology These students become too aquiline on an English proficient comparative, family member or friend while in the United States. Data Analysis This becomes the situation as the students may not even be able to convey simplistic information to strangers (e. g. , giving orders at a restaurant) due to their limited 5 English language abilities. The mentioned family member, relative or friend may eventually feel that these students are becoming a burden on them as time goes on. 7.Methodology Numerous students are reluctant to learn English as a second language because they feel that learning it would cause them to somehow exhibit disloyalty to their own language and culture. Data Analysis It now a common trend that people do somehow paint a picture on other people as being colonially influenced if they try to learn a second language. This causes these second language learners to become self-conscious when trying to learn a second language. If these people become too self-conscious to learn a second language, they may also give up the avocation of a goal to move to another country and other goals that come with it.8. Numerous people void their culture altogether and adapt the culture of the native speakers of the second language that they are learning. Learning a second language ultimately also causes one to get immersed in the culture in which that language belongs. Therefore, there are times that the culture of the learners gets totally abandoned as these learners try to learn a second language. This situation is sometimes viewed negatively by others. Results Learning a second language definitely has its ups and downs.The learners would just have to weigh in whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages as a basis in devising their decision to learn a second language. However, we can definitely see that as long as the teaching of the second language is executed properly, numerous students are able to learn the language efficiently and utilize their second language fluency in wo rthwhile activities and 6 and professions. Discussions Three questions need to be answered in order for specialists to improve second language teaching and learning (Conference Probes Second quarrel 1). These questions are the pursuit (Conference Probes Second Language 1)1. What are the strategies on research that need to be executed in the implementation of second language education in America (Conference Probes Second Language 1)? 2. What are the strategies on research on the execution of second language education in the United States that need to be improvised (Conference Probes Second Language 1)? 3. What are these research strategies that are deemed to be effective (Conference Probes Second Language 1)? Reading, writing and speaking fluency of a second language does not come automatically if one has acquired extensive knowledge on the language usage (Swiderski 4).A cultures main institution is the official language that comes with it (Swiderski 6). When one first learns a la nguage, he/she automatically first learns its corresponding culture (Swiderski 6). A language mirrors its corresponding culture (Swiderski 6). However, the language and the culture are not exactly interchangeable in every slipway (Swiderski 6). Because when learning a language one learns all about its usage, its interconnected component, culture, is also being learned during the process of learning the language (Swiderski 6). Therefore, language and culture are still 7Regarded as separate entities (Swiderski 6). We can really see that a language tells about what grade of culture it evolves in (Swiderski 13). For example, a classroom where an English language learning class is held comprises of styles and settings that tells about the culture of the country where the school that houses the classroom is located (Swiderski 13). Significant differences in the way that the English language is used among the native and non-native speakers of English are considerably noticeable (Lucas 5 9). However, there are some questions that arise from this culmination (Lucas 73).These questions are the undermentioned (Lucas 73) 1. Do the students make requests to their professors directly or indirectly (Lucas 73)? 2. Is politeness evident in the way that the students make the requests (Lucas 73)? Conclusions Charles Hutchison, Lan Quach and Greg Wiggan wrote in their term entitled, The Interface of Global Migrations, local English Language Learning And Identity Transmutations Of The Immigrant Academician, English language instructors who experience teaching students belonging to different cultures, experience the following culture shock situations 1.Problems in differences in teaching and learning. 2. Problems in differences in curriculum and assessment. In the article entitled, The Interface Of Global Migrations, topical anesthetic English Language Learning And Identity Transmutations Of The Immigrant 8 Academician, using the social-constructivist (and cognition) theorie s as references, instructors of English language classes experience changes in the way they view language through the following ways 1. They may be forced to conform to the students and their circle of influences viewpoints and theories. 2. They may experience communication barriers.Furthermore, the authors state in the article that the English language instructors come to realize who they really are and their vocation objectives due to the following reasons 1. They shape what types of people their students become and their students self-esteem. 2. They struggle in helping their students realize their own identity as a minority in the United States. 9 Works Cited Hutchison, Charles, Quach, Lan & Wiggan, Greg. The Interface of Global Migrations, Local English Language Learning And Identity Transmutations Of The Immigrant Academician. Forum On Public Policy A journal Of The Oxford Round Table (2006). Lucas, Sigrun. Students Writing Emails To Faculty An Examination Of E-Politeness Amon g Native And Non-Native Speakers Of English. Language, Learning & Technology 11 (2007) 59, 73. Swiderski, Richard M. educational activity Language, Learning, Culture. Westport Bergin & Garvey, 1993. Wan, Shun. Second Language Socialization In A Bilingual Chat Room Global And Local Considerations. Language, Learning & Technology 8 (2004) 44-47. Conference Probes Second Language Research Needs. Reading Today haughty 2001.